Implied Temperature Rise (ITR) is a metric used in ESG and climate finance to estimate how much global temperatures would increase by 2100 if the whole economy behaved like a given company, portfolio, or investment . It translates emissions performance and climate targets into an easy‑to‑interpret temperature score (e.g., 1.5 °C, 2.7 °C, 4 °C). What ITR Represents ITR answers the simple question: “ If all companies followed the same emissions pathway as this one, what level

The LEAP process in ESG and sustainability (especially in frameworks such as the Task Force on Nature‑Related Financial Disclosures [TNFD] and broader environmental‑risk management ) stands for a structured approach used by organizations to identify, assess, and manage nature‑related or sustainability‑related impacts, dependencies, risks, and opportunities . It serves as a practical method for integrating environmental and social considerations into business strategy and