The triple bottom line (TBL) means measuring success in three areas instead of just profit: People – social impact, fair labor, community well‑being Planet – environmental impact, sustainability Profit – financial performance Brief History Coined by John Elkington in 1994  as a challenge to traditional profit‑only accounting. Popularized in the late 1990s and early 2000s as companies adopted Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). By the 2010s, investor pressure and regul

Carbon intensity is a measure of how much carbon dioxide (CO₂) (or CO₂-equivalent greenhouse gases) is emitted per unit of output . It shows how efficiently a company, product, or economy generates value while managing its emissions. In business terms, it’s the ratio between GHG emissions and a relevant activity or economic unit , such as revenue, energy produced, or product manufactured. Formal Definition Carbon Intensity = Total GHG Emissions (in CO₂e) ÷ Unit of Outpu

Carbon accounting (also called greenhouse gas accounting ) is the process of measuring, recording, and reporting the amount of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and other greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions an organization, project, or product produces — and sometimes removes or offsets. It’s a key tool in sustainability management and climate change mitigation , helping businesses understand and reduce their environmental impact. Purpose of Carbon Accounting To quantify emissions linked

Internal Carbon Pricing (ICP) is a tool companies use to assign a monetary value to their own greenhouse‑gas emissions , even if they don’t yet pay an external carbon tax. It’s an internal accounting mechanism that helps them anticipate future carbon costs , guide investments , and steer strategy toward a low‑carbon model. “We assume each tonne of CO₂  we emit costs  us  X  dollars — and use that assumption when we make business decisions.” Types of Internal Carbon Pricing

That’s an excellent and important question — especially in the current ESG and carbon markets landscape, where carbon tokens and carbon credits are often mentioned together but they are different things. 1. Carbon Credit — the Core Environmental Instrument Definition A carbon credit is a compliance-grade or voluntary unit that represents the removal or avoidance of one metric ton (1 tCO₂e) of greenhouse gas emissions from the atmosphere. Types Category Description Exampl

Carbon sinking (or carbon sequestration ) refers to the process of capturing and storing carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the atmosphere to reduce the amount of greenhouse gases and mitigate climate change . In other words, they are the conditions, processes, and variables that determine the strength and stability  of carbon sinks — in forests, oceans, and soils (and increasingly through technology). Carbon sinking factors are the natural or human‑driven elements that influence h

ESG transition risk is one of the most important (and sometimes misunderstood) parts of climate and sustainability risk management. Here’s a clear summary: 🌱 What is ESG Transition Risk? Transition risk refers to the financial and operational risks a company faces as the economy moves from a high‑carbon to a low‑carbon or even net‑zero future. While “physical risks” come from the direct impacts of climate change (acute or chronic: storms, floods, heat, etc.), transit

Emission factors express the warming potential of greenhouse gases (GHGs) relative to carbon dioxide (CO₂) , usually known as Global Warming Potentials (GWPs) over a 100‑year period (GWP₁₀₀). The most recently adopted authoritative values come from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6, 2021) — which many international and regional regulators (including the  EU ETS,  UK DEFRA, and  ISO 14064‑1:2018 updates) have begun using or r

A carbon footprint is the total amount of greenhouse gases (GHGs) — primarily carbon dioxide (CO₂) but also methane (CH₄), nitrous oxide (N₂O), and others — emitted directly or indirectly by a person, organization, product, or activity. These emissions are always expressed as “CO₂ equivalent” (CO₂‑e) , meaning all greenhouse gases are converted into an equivalent amount of CO₂ based on their global warming potential (GWP). 💡 Types of Carbon Footprints Category Definitio

⚖️ 1. What Is Net Zero? Net Zero means balancing the amount of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emitted into the atmosphere with the amount removed . In other words: The total emissions a country, firm, or individual releases ≈ the total removed through natural or technological means. How to Reach Net Zero Reduce emissions as much as possible (renewable energy, efficiency, electrification, etc.). Remove or offset residual emissions using: Reforestation and soil carbon sequestratio

Implementing Scope 3 greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions calculations can be quite challenging for most organizations. These emissions cover indirect activities outside a company’s direct control — such as supply chain operations, product use, and waste disposal. According to analyses from CDP (Carbon Disclosure Project) , S&P Global , and EY’s 2024 Climate Disclosure Benchmark : Roughly 75 – 80% of Fortune 500 companies publicly disclose their Scope 1 & 2 emissions. About 5

The report shows that 63% of the world’s largest publicly listed companies or 70% of the Forbes Global 2000 now have net zero goals. In short, commitment to net zero has become the corporate norm. Source: https://www.forbes.com/sites/maryjohnstone-louis/2025/09/26/the-business-case-for-net-zero-has-never-been-stronger/ #NetZero #GHGs #Carbon #Emissions #Corporate #Forbes