The Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Protocol is the world’s most widely used standard for measuring and reporting greenhouse gas emissions. It defines how organisations should classify, calculate, and disclose their emissions across: Scope 1 – direct emissions from owned/controlled sources Scope 2 – indirect emissions from purchased electricity/heat/steam Scope 3 – all other value‑chain emissions (e.g., suppliers, logistics, waste, travel) In the 1990s, companies and governments