1. Wells Fargo Fake Accounts Scandal (2016 – U.S.) Issue: Employees created millions of fake accounts to meet unrealistic sales quotas. Governance Failure: Pressure from top leadership and lack of board oversight. Impact: $3 billion in fines and settlements; CEO resigned; damaged public trust. 2. Volkswagen “Dieselgate” (2015 – Germany) Issue: VW cheated emissions tests with illegal software in diesel vehicles. Governance Failure: Ethical lapses and lack of compliance mo

Answer is definitely YES... Environmental, Social, and Governance ( ESG ) factors can create systematic risk when they affect the broader market or economy, not just individual firms. Here’s how it happens: 🧩 1. Mechanisms: How ESG Creates Systematic Risk a. Environmental (E) Climate change can lead to extreme weather events , resource scarcity, and regulatory shifts (like carbon pricing). These changes impact entire sectors (energy, agriculture, insurance) and supply cha