IPCC_CLIMATE CHANGE 2023_Synthesis Report_AR6

The IPCC Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report AR6 concludes that human activities have unequivocally caused global warming, with global surface temperature reaching ~1.1°C above 1850–1900 in 2011–2020 (IPCC, 2023).

The report warns that current 2030 national pledges keep the world off track for limiting warming to 1.5°C, increasing risks of intensifying extremes, sea level rise, food and water insecurity, and health harms—especially for vulnerable communities who contributed least to emissions.

It stresses that net zero CO₂ is required, and that deep, rapid emissions cuts plus accelerated adaptation this decade can reduce future losses while delivering co-benefits such as cleaner air and better health.

Delayed action locks in high-emissions infrastructure, raises stranded-asset risks, and narrows feasible pathways for climate-resilient development.

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