The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Chan (IPCC) AR (Assessment Report) is the United Nations’ most comprehensive scientific evaluation of climate change. Here is a quick explanation: What it is: A major report published every 6–7 years by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). It summarizes all the latest scientific research on climate change. What it covers: How and why the climate is changing Impacts on ecosystems, economies, and societies Future climate

NDCs = Nationally Determined Contributions . NDCs (Nationally Determined Contributions) are each country’s official climate‑action plan under the Paris Agreement . They outline how a country will: • reduce greenhouse gas emissions • adapt to climate impacts • track and report progress National climate‑action plans showing how countries will cut emissions and adapt to climate change. Every country sets its own targets (“nationally determined”), but must follow global transpa

A climate tipping point is a critical threshold in the Earth’s climate system where a small change can trigger large, abrupt, and often irreversible shifts in environmental conditions. In simple terms: A tipping point is when the climate moves past a point of “ no return, ” causing major changes that are hard or impossible to stop. Examples of climate tipping points: • Melting of Greenland ice sheet Once a certain amount of ice melts, the rest can melt much faster, raising

A carbon footprint is the total amount of greenhouse gases (GHGs) — primarily carbon dioxide (CO₂) but also methane (CH₄), nitrous oxide (N₂O), and others — emitted directly or indirectly by a person, organization, product, or activity. These emissions are always expressed as “CO₂ equivalent” (CO₂‑e) , meaning all greenhouse gases are converted into an equivalent amount of CO₂ based on their global warming potential (GWP). 💡 Types of Carbon Footprints Category Definitio

Implementing Scope 3 greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions calculations can be quite challenging for most organizations. These emissions cover indirect activities outside a company’s direct control — such as supply chain operations, product use, and waste disposal. According to analyses from CDP (Carbon Disclosure Project) , S&P Global , and EY’s 2024 Climate Disclosure Benchmark : Roughly 75 – 80% of Fortune 500 companies publicly disclose their Scope 1 & 2 emissions. About 5