1. Background and Historical Context 🌡️ The problem: By the late 20th century, scientists had reached strong consensus that greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from industrial activity were intensifying the greenhouse effect , causing global warming . 📅 Key milestones: Year Event 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ( UNFCCC ) signed at the Rio Earth Summit — establishing the global framework for addressing climate change. 1997 Kyoto Protocol adopted in K

COP stands for Conference of the Parties — the supreme decision-making body of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) . 🌍 In simple terms It’s the annual global climate summit where almost every country on Earth meets to negotiate and decide collective actions to tackle climate change. 🏛️ Key Details “Parties” = the countries that have signed the UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) (currently around 198 countrie