What is Permanence? In sustainability (especially in carbon accounting and waste management), permanence  refers to how long a material, carbon storage method, or environmental impact remains stable without being reversed . In simple terms: It measures how long something lasts without breaking down, leaking, or being re‑released into the environment . Permanence matters because long‑lasting materials (or carbon storage methods) carry different risks : • Long permanence = go

RCP and SCP are two concepts that often appear in sustainability and ESG contexts, though they refer to different but complementary frameworks . Let’s break them down clearly and professionally RCP — Representative Concentration Pathways Definition: RCP (Representative Concentration Pathway) is a set of scientific climate scenarios developed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) . They describe possible greenhouse gas (GHG) concentration trajectories a

Emission Factor Database (EFDB) is an essential tool in carbon accounting and auditing. Let’s me give you some ideas: What Is the Emission Factor Database (EFDB)? The EFDB is a global reference database of emission factors — values used to estimate the amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions released from specific activities or energy use. It is maintained by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to support consistent and transparent GHG inventories ar

1. What Is Biomass Energy 🌿 ? Biomass energy refers to energy derived from organic materials — such as wood, agricultural residues, forest waste, animal manure, or dedicated energy crops. It is considered part of the renewable energy mix because the carbon released during combustion can, in theory, be reabsorbed by new plant growth , creating a closed carbon cycle . Examples of biomass energy sources: Wood pellets and forestry residues Agricultural waste (corn stalks, r

In the ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) and sustainability context, CCS stands for Carbon Capture and Storage (also sometimes called Carbon Capture and Sequestration ). Definition: Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) refers to a suite of technologies designed to capture carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions produced from industrial processes or power generation, and then transport and store the CO₂ in a way that prevents it from entering the atmosphere —typically by i

Emission factors express the warming potential of greenhouse gases (GHGs) relative to carbon dioxide (CO₂) , usually known as Global Warming Potentials (GWPs) over a 100‑year period (GWP₁₀₀). The most recently adopted authoritative values come from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6, 2021) — which many international and regional regulators (including the  EU ETS,  UK DEFRA, and  ISO 14064‑1:2018 updates) have begun using or r

The IPCC stands for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change , have around 195 countries as member. The IPCC is a scientific body established in 1988 by: the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) , and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) . It was created to provide objective, scientific assessments about: climate change, its causes, its potential environmental and socio-economic impacts, and possible adaptation and mitigation strategies. 📘 What It Does

A carbon footprint is the total amount of greenhouse gases (GHGs) — primarily carbon dioxide (CO₂) but also methane (CH₄), nitrous oxide (N₂O), and others — emitted directly or indirectly by a person, organization, product, or activity. These emissions are always expressed as “CO₂ equivalent” (CO₂‑e) , meaning all greenhouse gases are converted into an equivalent amount of CO₂ based on their global warming potential (GWP). 💡 Types of Carbon Footprints Category Definitio

⚖️ 1. What Is Net Zero? Net Zero means balancing the amount of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emitted into the atmosphere with the amount removed . In other words: The total emissions a country, firm, or individual releases ≈ the total removed through natural or technological means. How to Reach Net Zero Reduce emissions as much as possible (renewable energy, efficiency, electrification, etc.). Remove or offset residual emissions using: Reforestation and soil carbon sequestratio